first internal examination

 First Internal Examination

1. Refer to the conclusion/recommendation section of any article in the journal,https://ijceit.org/, and rewrite it to meet all the objectives in technical writing.

I am referring to the article, https://ijceit.org/published/volume12/issue3/index.php which is about Detection of Coordinate Based Accident-Prone Areas on Road Surface using Machine Learning Methods.

I rewrote the conclusion section of this article by meeting all the objectives in technical writing such as-

Clarity, Conciseness, Accuracy, Organization and Ethics.

The evolution and growth of surface transportation systems underscore the rising importance of road network management and monitoring. The primary obstacle to advancing any nation largely lies in effective intercountry road transportation. The conditions of road surfaces are frequently found to significantly influence the safety of the entire transportation system. Nevertheless, many corresponding research studies have overlooked this factor, orienting their focus towards traffic density and related parameters instead.

Recognizing these research gaps, this study incorporates road condition analysis for identifying potential road accidents. The study leverages geodetic road surface data to extract critical parameters including Long Slope (Degree), Perpendicular Slope (Degree), Number of Defects, Distance between Defects (cm), Depth of the defect (cm), Average Width of the defect (cm), and Total Area of the defect (cm3). Utilizing these parameters, initial threshold values are defined and used in determining the regression coefficients.

Subsequent to this, a novel regression model is proposed, employing these regression coefficients. This model classifies road defects into four major categories, then maps the severity of these defect categories based on geographic coordinates. Given these processes, the final result of this work is the ability to predict potential accidents with a high efficiency of 97.69%. Additionally, the model has the characteristic of low complexity, contributing to increased speed and safety of road surface transportation systems.

2. Rewrite the essay “We Are All Scientists,” structuring it in Toulmin’s model of argument.

The essay "We Are All Scientists" by T.H. Huxley can be structured in Toulmin's model of argument as follows:

1. Claim:

The claim of the essay is that every individual, including ordinary people, follows the same method as scientists in reasoning about phenomena, rendering them precise and exact.

2. Ground:

- The author gives an example of how ordinary individuals, without formal scientific training, use the same process as scientists. For instance, they make general laws through the inductive method, as illustrated by testing two green and hard apples and concluding that all green and hard apples are sour.

- The deductive method is also exemplified by the refusal to accept a non-sour green and hard apple based on the established general law.

- The essay further provides an example of how ordinary individuals unknowingly follow a series of reasoning to make hypotheses, similar to the process of scientific reasoning, as shown in the scenario of drawing a conclusion about a thief based on observed evidence.

3. Warrant:

The warrant in this essay is that the mental operations of ordinary individuals are fundamentally the same as those of scientists. They are capable of using the same reasoning processes, making general laws, and forming hypotheses, albeit with varying degrees of rigor and accuracy.

4. Backing:

The backing for the warrant could be found in the argument that the methods of scientific investigation are an expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. Thus, the mental operations of a man of science are fundamentally similar to those of an ordinary person.

5. Rebuttal/Qualifier:

There is a potential rebuttal or qualifier in acknowledging that while the reasoning processes of ordinary individuals and scientists are similar, the strength of scientific knowledge and the careful, faithful, and various verification of hypotheses by scientists provide a higher level of credibility and accuracy compared to those formed by ordinary individuals.

The Toulmin's model of argument can effectively be applied to structure the essay "We Are All Scientists" to illustrate the author's claims, supporting evidence, warrant, backing, and potential rebuttal. 

3. Prepare a fifteen-minute PowerPoint presentation on “The Making of a Scientist”.

The outline that I prepared for a fifteen-minute PowerPoint presentation on “The Making of a Scientist” is-

Title: The Making of a Scientist

Slide 1: Introduction

- Brief overview of "The Making of a Scientist"

- Introduction to the key themes: personal journey, curiosity, family influence, education, and broad interests

Slide 2: Becoming a Scientist

- The journey towards becoming a neurologist

- The role of obsessive curiosity

- Importance of interest in multiple fields

Slide 3: Family Support and Influence

- Acknowledgment of the help from family members

- The role of family support in stimulating curiosity and passion for science

Slide 4: The Elements of Success in Science

- Ingredients for a successful scientist: curiosity, passion, family support, and financial independence

- Pleasure, impact, and fun as key aspects of successful scientific exploration

Slide 5: Science vs Romantic Love

- Comparing science with romantic love

- The role of enthusiasm and eagerness in both areas

- The impact of science beyond fun

Slide 6: The Role of Education and Social Factors

- The importance of supportive teachers and conducive education milieu

- The role of social factors in shaping a scientist

- Discussion on the necessity of pathological, passionate, and obsessive curiosity

Slide 7: The Synergy of Poetry and Science

- Insight into how poetry and literature inspired and shaped scientific enthusiasm 

- The romantic vision of the world shared by both science and literature

Slide 8: Creating a Conducive Environment

- The importance of the right support and environment in developing a scientist

- The role of financial independence and freedom in achieving scientific success

Slide 9: Technology and Ideas

- The role of technology and novel ideas in science

- The symbiotic relationship of these factors for successful scientific exploration

Slide 10: Importance of Spreading Expertise to Other Fields

- The benefit of expanding one's expertise to human civilization

- The importance of always striving for a high level of expertise

Slide 11: Conclusion: The Making of a True Scientist

- Recap of the key points

- The vital elements that contribute to becoming a successful scientist

Slide 12: Interactive Q&A

- Inviting the audience to interact, ask questions, and share their views.